A Nigerian soldier is arrested for tipping off criminals - but does it go deeper?

Now, in a nation that for over a decade has been blighted by armed attacks on civilians, people are wondering whether these assaults are failing to subside because criminal elements and security personnel are working together.

It is not unreasonable to believe some of these groups are being assisted by military personnel, Bashir Galma, a security analyst and retired army major, told the BBC.

"I know there have been instances where plans are made for an attack on a location and the information finds its way to either [militant Islamist group] Boko Haram or another criminal gang," he said, suggesting an insider tip-off.

At least 3,000 kidnappings and 3,580 killings by armed groups took place between January 2024 and April 2025 alone, data from Nigeria's National Human Rights Commission records

The alarming surge in mass abductions has been attributed to gunmen known locally as bandits, as well as insurgent attacks from Boko Haram and its offshoot, Iswap.

Attacks on schools have also been making the headlines, although this has been a problem for years. Between April 2014 and May 2026, there were 26 major school attacks with at least 2,416 students abducted, the International Centre for Investigative Reporting (ICIR) says.

Ransom payments are estimated to run into millions of dollars annually, according to official data.

In April 2025, the governor of Nigeria's embattled Borno state, Babagana Zulum, alleged that informants and collaborators for Boko Haram insurgents were operating within the country's armed forces, political class and local communities.

"What we need to do is to strengthen our intelligence and to deal with them ruthlessly," he said during a security meeting.

Months later, a special court-martial sentenced three Nigerian soldiers to life imprisonment for their involvement in a major arms and ammunition racketeering scheme. The army said they were guilty of theft, unlawful dealing in ammunition, and "aiding the enemy".

Security analyst Galma told the BBC he believes poor pay breeds such corruption within soldiers. There is also the "issue of ideology" - some personnel might hold a secret allegiance to other groups, he said.

A current serving soldier, who spoke to the BBC on the condition of anonymity, admitted that there have been instances of soldiers "caught dealing with the other side" but said such matters are often "hushed and dealt with internally".

One man, freed after his family paid a 57m naira ($42,000; £31,000) ransom, described a disturbing scene upon his release.

"They dropped us off in one location and there were security personnel who they shook hands and laughed with," he told the BBC, asking not to be named.

He believes the security forces he saw may have received a portion of the ransom, though he has no proof that this was the case.

Farmer Yahuza Isa, who was kidnapped in Zamfara state, expressed the frustration shared by many victims.

"I myself know where these criminals are," he said. "So why not deal with them completely?"

Another survivor, who endured a 30-day ordeal in late 2024, said he suspected collusion "at a much higher level".

He described hearing a helicopter landing very close to the hidden camp where he was held blindfolded.

"The first time I heard it I was expecting that the Nigerian Air Force... had come to rescue us," he said. "But we could hear the helicopter leaving afterwards."

He heard it several more times, leading him to believe the gangs had some form of high-level logistical cooperation.